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D in the Heart of Texas             

Jerry T. Dealey

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Building the ‘Subway’, Triple Underpass, Dealey Plaza (Part 1)

Early History of Texas
The Europeans and American Settlers
John Neely Bryan – And Other Early Founders
Some Wheeling-Dealing to Grow a City
George Bannerman Dealey
The Dallas Morning News is Born
The Great 1908 Flood
G. B. Promotes Other Early Dallas Growth
The "City of Hate"
Building the ‘Subway’, Triple Underpass, Dealey Plaza
The Other Buildings Around Dealey Plaza
The Elder G. B. Dealey
The Dallas "Citizens Council"
The ‘Right Wing’ Direction of Dallas - "City of Hate" Revisited
A ‘Turn-Around’ for the Dallas Morning News
The Pre-November ‘Hate’ Incidents
Dallas’ Law Enforcement
November 1963, Why Dallas?
Dealey Plaza Changes To-Date

With the successful approval of the plan by the city to move the river one mile west between the new levies, G. B. and the Morning News started promoting other features of the Kessler plan. One of these, which was near and dear to Dealey’s heart, was the creation of a public park to serve as a grand western entrance to downtown Dallas. As the old winding channel of the Trinity River was replaced, and dried out, the land that had served as river bottom land for the unpredictable river could also be turned into useful industrial land. However, most viaducts had bypassed this land, so there was not easy access to it.


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1923 Downtown Dallas and Union Station Aerial: This is again an aerial view of Dallas taken around 1923. The Commerce Street Bridge is in the lower center, and to the left of that are the buildings that would later make up Dealey Plaza. Note the railroad track that curves from Pacific Ave., around the “Southern Rock Island Plow” company building (later TSBD). These were the “Main Street” tracks, and the dirt road that they ran beside, in front of the buildings that would later make up Dealey Plaza (center front), was called Broadway. Dallas does not have a street named Broadway today, which is rare for an American city. (From the collections of the Texas/Dallas History and Archives Division, Dallas Public Library)

The federal government announced $750,000 funding in 1933 to build the US Post Office Terminal Annex, which still sits on the south side of what is Dealey Plaza today. In addition, it promised Dallas an additional $500,000 of federal funds to build the western entrance to downtown Dallas, next to the annex, which is known as Dealey Plaza today.


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Commerce and Houston Streets 1934: This is the Commerce Street Bridge just as it passes Houston St. in 1934. The bridge spanned the old Trinity River channel, and then went into West Dallas. The ‘street’ in the middle, was called the Commerce Street ‘Extension’, and still exists today next to the old Postal Annex, similar to one on Elm St. The business on the corner is the Victoria Hotel, and the business with the awning down the ‘extension’ is the Sieberling Rubber Company. (From the collections of the Texas/Dallas History and Archives Division, Dallas Public Library)

In 1934, the two blocks bordered by Broadway, Houston, Commerce and Elm Streets were 11 separate parcels of land, owned by various parties. Dealey and the News campaigned for the city to buy these parcels from their respective owners, so that a more elegant gradual decline to the Subway could be built.

Along Houston St. north from Commerce St. were the Victoria Hotel, Halls Specialty Co. (C. H. Gardners), Heisel Brothers Repair Shop, Farrel Motor and Battery Co., Grey’s Barber Shop, White and Green Café (Virginia’s Eat Shop), and East Texas Gas Co. with the Palm Hotel above it. Along Houston St. north from Main St. was the Fishburn Motor Company, occupying a building that in 1923 was the Houston St. fire station, complete with a tower on top. (Postcards from that era showing the Southern Rock Island Plow Co./TSBD can be found today.) Next to Fishburn’s, to the north, was Burke’s Garage, featuring storage and general refurbishing of automobiles. On the corner, across Elm St. from Burkes was the Southern Rock Island Plow Company, which would later be the famous Texas School Book Depository.


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Houston and Main Streets Looking South: This photo is looking south down Houston St. from Main St. The corner building is the East Texas Gas Co., with the Palm Hotel above it. Going left from there is the White and Green Café (AKA Virginia’s Eat Shop) (white window front, where Bonnie Parker once worked), Gray’s Barber Shop, Farrel Motor and Battery Co. (Garage), Heisel Brothers Repair Shop (white building) and Halls Specialty Co. The corner building farthest away is the Victoria Hotel, which also used the rooms on the second floor above Halls Specialty Co. (From the collections of the Texas/Dallas History and Archives Division, Dallas Public Library)


The White and Green Cafe was a long-standing cafe on Houston St. It had a history of different owners and names, and while the city directory listed it as the White and Green Cafe in 1934, the photographs of the time show a sign calling it Virginia’s Eat Shop. It had also been commonly called the Courthouse Cafe and the American Cafe. Although city directories show an “All-American Cafe” further down Houston Street, according to Bonnie and Clyde historians, it was this cafe at Main and Houston, where the infamous Bonnie Parker worked at as a waitress, before she met and started running with Clyde Barrow in the early 1930's. The East Texas Gas station on the corner was often referred to as the "Courthouse Gas Station".


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Houston and Main Streets Looking North 1934: This is a picture looking across Houston Street (going to the right) and Main Street (going to the left), at what was in 1934, Fishburn Motor Company. This building in 1923 was the Houston Street Fire Station, hence the fire station-like tower. Note the Southern Rock Island Plow company (TSBD) building to the right, across Elm St. Also, just visible over the roof is the upper floors of the Sproles Motor Freight Company, which was located on the south side of Elm Street, and Broadway. (From the collections of the Texas/Dallas History and Archives Division, Dallas Public Library)


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Houston and Elm Streets Looking South 1934: This 1934 picture was taken from about where the Dal-Tex building was located, looking across Houston St. (going left) and Elm St. (going right). This was Burk’s Garage, a parking, storage and vehicle ‘detailing’ business. To the far left, continuing down Houston is Fishburn Motor Company. (From the collections of the Texas/Dallas History and Archives Division, Dallas Public Library)




IE150-1.GIF - 6031 BytesD in the Heart of Texas - Table of Contents
03LEFT.JPG - 1910 Bytes The "City of Hate"
03RIGHT.JPG - 1880 Bytes Building the ‘Subway’, Triple Underpass, Dealey Plaza (Part 2)


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Last edited June 3, 2003